Electric Automobile Traveling Salesman Problem With Drone

Within the PDSTSP heuristic, customers are partitioned into these that can be served by UAVs and those assumed to be served by the truck. A parallel machine scheduling drawback is solved to find out buyer assignments to drones. A swap-based heuristic is used to exchange clients from UAV and truck partitions to enhance the answer. Mbiadou Saleu et al., 2018) developed an iterative two-stage heuristic involving buyer partitioning and routing optimization for the PDSTSP. Agatz et al., 2018) developed an integer programming formulation for a variant of FSTSP called Traveling Salesman Drawback with Drones (TSPD) and a “route-first, cluster-second” heuristic which constructs a TSP with drone tour from a TSP tour. A delicate distinction between FSTSP and TSPD is that in FSTSP, the drone departs from a truck at a node and joins the truck at a different node, whereas in TSPD, the truck can wait at a node, and the drone can rejoin the truck at the same node it departed from.

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